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尊勝佛母

Uṣnīṣavijayā

內蒙 (?) 十九世紀

Inner Mongolia (?), 19th century

尊勝佛母又稱「頂髻尊勝佛母」,頂髻是指釋尊頭上的肉髻。在藏傳佛教中,她是長壽三尊之一。三面八臂的尊勝佛母是《淨除一切惡道佛頂尊勝陀羅尼》的化現。三面上各有三眼,中間主面為白色呈半忿怒相,象徵息災;右面為黃色寂靜相,代表增益延壽;左面為藍色忿怒相,三目圓瞪,燎牙外露,以降伏一切壽難及魔障。具寶冠、瓔珞、天衣等莊嚴,結跏趺坐於蓮華座上,頭光紅色,身光有粗金邊裝飾。第一雙手置於胸前,右手持十字金剛,左手執羂索;舉起之右手托蓮座,上有佛陀,其下之手持箭,第四之右手作施願印置右腿前;左手上揚作施無畏印,其下之手執弓,第四之左手於臍間作定印托長壽寶瓶。唐卡左方從上至下為:釋迦牟尼佛、綠度母和白度母。右方從上至下為:阿彌陀佛、四臂觀音和無量壽佛。尊勝佛母與無量壽佛及白度母合稱「長壽三尊」。

Uṣṇīṣavijayā, a Buddha of longevity in Tibetan Buddhism, means “Victorious Goddess with Uṣṇīṣa.” Uṣṇīṣa refers to the protuberance at Buddha Šākyamuni’s head. The three-faced and eight-armed goddess Uṣṇīṣavijayā is the personification of a powerful protective incantation. She is regally adorned and sits with crossed legs in the diamond pose on a lotus throne surrounded by a red halo and a circular aureole with a broad golden rim. Her central face is crystal white with a semi-wrathful expression, symbolizing her ability to curb disasters. Her right face is golden-yellow with a peaceful, blissful look that points to her ability to grant longevity and protection. Her left face is blue with a wrathful expression, she has bulging eyes and a gaping mouth that shows her fangs to ward off demonic obstructions and eliminate various illnesses. All her faces have a third vertical eye on the forehead. She holds a double vajra and a noose in front of her chest, the long-life vase in her lap and the icon of a Buddha in her raised right, furthermore a bow and an arrow. The two empty hands display the gesture of boon-granting and fearlessness. In the vertical row on the left side Buddha Śākyamuni, the Green Tārā and the White Tārā are depicted, and on the right side Buddha Amitābha, the four-armed Bodhisattva Ṣaḍākṣarī Lokeśvara, and Buddha Amitāyus. Uṣṇīṣavijayā, Buddha Amitāyus and the White Tārā are venerated together as the ‘Long-Life Trinity’.

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